Bacterial overgrowth in clinical perspective | Gastroenterologists
In literature, the term bacterial overgrowth syndrome (King and fool) when bacterial overgrowth and clinical symptoms. Bacterial overgrowth has segmental distribution and clinical significance in segments where physiological defense mechanisms normally keep the bacterial count low. In addition container store locations to bacterial density container store locations overvekstfloraens composition of substantial clinical importance. These aspects are discussed in detail with focus on definitions, pathogenesis and diagnosis. container store locations Finally, a brief discussion of new knowledge in the field and challenges container store locations on the way ahead. Segmental colonization
In the esophagus can cause bacterial overgrowth container store locations by retention. In the ventricle, which normally have low bacterial counts, small changes provide a basis for using this designation. Similarly is the case in the upper small intestine. Further distally in the small intestine is bacterial density higher (10:06 -10 7 CFU / ml) (colony forming units), but it can still rise further.
The colon is the bacterial count maximum. Here it is primarily the competition between container store locations bacteria and access to nutrition through the intestinal tract, which determines the composition of the intestinal flora. The density ranges between 1010 and 1012 CFU / ml. It is rare micro ecological room for further colonization. Similarly, high bacterial counts found in the oral cavity.
One definition might be "bacteria in the wrong place." Such a definition allows for using the term also in the colon, such as growing up with Clostridium species at the expense of the normal anaerobic microflora. By such a definition will primarily emphasize the qualitative features container store locations of the overgrowth flora.
The most widely used and accepted definition container store locations of bacterial growth is increased bacterial density in the small intestine, possibly also in the stomach (King & Toska 1979 and Simon & Gorbach 1984). An increase of the bacterial density implies that under normal physiological conditions is less dense than the maximum colonization (10:12 CFU per ml). This is seen in the segments between the oral cavity and colon and caused physiological defense mechanisms of the host.
In the small intestine are under normal anatomic conditions intestinal propulsive motor that regulates container store locations bacterial density. Upper small intestine must be germ-poor to ensure normal digestion and absorption, and to limit bacterial translocation through mucosal specialized for luminal uptake. In the stomach, it is primarily the concentration of gastric acid (pH) that regulate bacterial growth.
King and the fool (1979) emphasizes that bacterial overgrowth can be seen both with and without symptoms. When increased bacterial colonization of the small intestine leads to symptoms, these authors use the term bacterial overgrowth syndrome.
It was soon realized that bacterial overgrowth syndrome was associated with detection of Gram-negative bacilli and in the most severe cases, strict anaerobic bacteria of the colon type, ie, a microflora similar to that found in the colon.
Until the mid 90's there was a general perception that the loss of stomach acid and stagnation in the small intestine of anatomic or motor causes were side overall causes container store locations of both bacterial overgrowth and bacterial overgrowth syndrome. It is now shown that we can distinguish between two distinct types of bacterial overgrowth, container store locations with different pathogenesis, type of bacteria that colonize, segmental involvement and clinical significance (Husebye 2005). Type 1
Upper respiratory tract contains normal bacteria flora dominated by Gram-positive bacteria. When there is no co-morbidities, oral pathologies or conditions affecting the transit through the small intestine, the loss of gastric acid only give Gram Positive flora in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. This is shown in studies on healthy with varying degrees of syrehemning, with old with gastric hypochlorhydria and in other patient populations container store locations with hypochlorhydria, container store locations without involvement of the small bowel transit, general condition (reduced general condition is associated with Gram negative flora in the oral cavity), nutritional status or mucosal abnormalities that may represent container store locations micro-ecological niches for Gram negative colonization (Husebye container store locations 2005).
Gram positive bacterial container store locations overgrowth in the stomach is usually symptom-poor and did not interfere with the assimilation of nutrients. In the elderly with reduced spare capacity in the GI tract, the disruption of vitamin B 12 - and proteinassimilering been reported. There may be risks associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors in the elderly, particularly in renal nutrition condition. Our knowledge of the effects container store locations of proton pump inhibitors in such patients is not sufficient, and the precautionary principle should be applied.
The second type of bacterial overgrowth occurs when transit through container store locations the small intestine is affected, either anatomical or motor causes. In such patients, the Gram negative rod bacteria enter the small intestine depending on the degree of transit disorders. In severe cases, the redox potential is reduced sufficiently to strict anaerobic established.
Detection of strict anaerobes
In literature, the term bacterial overgrowth syndrome (King and fool) when bacterial overgrowth and clinical symptoms. Bacterial overgrowth has segmental distribution and clinical significance in segments where physiological defense mechanisms normally keep the bacterial count low. In addition container store locations to bacterial density container store locations overvekstfloraens composition of substantial clinical importance. These aspects are discussed in detail with focus on definitions, pathogenesis and diagnosis. container store locations Finally, a brief discussion of new knowledge in the field and challenges container store locations on the way ahead. Segmental colonization
In the esophagus can cause bacterial overgrowth container store locations by retention. In the ventricle, which normally have low bacterial counts, small changes provide a basis for using this designation. Similarly is the case in the upper small intestine. Further distally in the small intestine is bacterial density higher (10:06 -10 7 CFU / ml) (colony forming units), but it can still rise further.
The colon is the bacterial count maximum. Here it is primarily the competition between container store locations bacteria and access to nutrition through the intestinal tract, which determines the composition of the intestinal flora. The density ranges between 1010 and 1012 CFU / ml. It is rare micro ecological room for further colonization. Similarly, high bacterial counts found in the oral cavity.
One definition might be "bacteria in the wrong place." Such a definition allows for using the term also in the colon, such as growing up with Clostridium species at the expense of the normal anaerobic microflora. By such a definition will primarily emphasize the qualitative features container store locations of the overgrowth flora.
The most widely used and accepted definition container store locations of bacterial growth is increased bacterial density in the small intestine, possibly also in the stomach (King & Toska 1979 and Simon & Gorbach 1984). An increase of the bacterial density implies that under normal physiological conditions is less dense than the maximum colonization (10:12 CFU per ml). This is seen in the segments between the oral cavity and colon and caused physiological defense mechanisms of the host.
In the small intestine are under normal anatomic conditions intestinal propulsive motor that regulates container store locations bacterial density. Upper small intestine must be germ-poor to ensure normal digestion and absorption, and to limit bacterial translocation through mucosal specialized for luminal uptake. In the stomach, it is primarily the concentration of gastric acid (pH) that regulate bacterial growth.
King and the fool (1979) emphasizes that bacterial overgrowth can be seen both with and without symptoms. When increased bacterial colonization of the small intestine leads to symptoms, these authors use the term bacterial overgrowth syndrome.
It was soon realized that bacterial overgrowth syndrome was associated with detection of Gram-negative bacilli and in the most severe cases, strict anaerobic bacteria of the colon type, ie, a microflora similar to that found in the colon.
Until the mid 90's there was a general perception that the loss of stomach acid and stagnation in the small intestine of anatomic or motor causes were side overall causes container store locations of both bacterial overgrowth and bacterial overgrowth syndrome. It is now shown that we can distinguish between two distinct types of bacterial overgrowth, container store locations with different pathogenesis, type of bacteria that colonize, segmental involvement and clinical significance (Husebye 2005). Type 1
Upper respiratory tract contains normal bacteria flora dominated by Gram-positive bacteria. When there is no co-morbidities, oral pathologies or conditions affecting the transit through the small intestine, the loss of gastric acid only give Gram Positive flora in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. This is shown in studies on healthy with varying degrees of syrehemning, with old with gastric hypochlorhydria and in other patient populations container store locations with hypochlorhydria, container store locations without involvement of the small bowel transit, general condition (reduced general condition is associated with Gram negative flora in the oral cavity), nutritional status or mucosal abnormalities that may represent container store locations micro-ecological niches for Gram negative colonization (Husebye container store locations 2005).
Gram positive bacterial container store locations overgrowth in the stomach is usually symptom-poor and did not interfere with the assimilation of nutrients. In the elderly with reduced spare capacity in the GI tract, the disruption of vitamin B 12 - and proteinassimilering been reported. There may be risks associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors in the elderly, particularly in renal nutrition condition. Our knowledge of the effects container store locations of proton pump inhibitors in such patients is not sufficient, and the precautionary principle should be applied.
The second type of bacterial overgrowth occurs when transit through container store locations the small intestine is affected, either anatomical or motor causes. In such patients, the Gram negative rod bacteria enter the small intestine depending on the degree of transit disorders. In severe cases, the redox potential is reduced sufficiently to strict anaerobic established.
Detection of strict anaerobes
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